Development of a New Method for Assessing Asphalt Binder Durability with Field Validation (0-1872-2)

This project was a comprehensive study directed at developing an improved method of screening asphalt binders for long-term pavement performance. A new dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) function and a new aging procedure should warn of premature asphalt hardening and resulting fatigue cracking. For unmodified asphalts the new DSR function G'/(T]' IG') correlated well with ductility (at 15°C, 1 cm/min) below 10 cm. The correlation was originally developed for DSR measurements at 15°C and 0.005 rad/s. These conditions were time-temperature superposition shifted to 44.7 °C and 10 rad/s to produce a method that is easily accessible to standard laboratory rheological equipment and methods. The recommended aging procedure uses the pressure aging vessel (P A V) apparatus but takes advantage of the higher average aging rate when the asphalt is aged in thinner films. This change, combined with somewhat longer aging, results in a more rigorous test of durability than the standard PAV method. At the same time, the resulting rankings of aged materials are more representative of rankings that are obtained from aging at atmospheric air pressure and 60°C. For modified asphalts, the results were complex. Generally for a given value of the DSR function, the ductility was better than indicated by the unmodified asphalt DSR-ductility correlation. Larger amounts of modifier produced increasing values of ductility for a given function value. This result was very asphalt dependent, however, so no general correlation could be found. As modified binders oxidize, the asphalt hardens and the improvement to ductility imparted by modifiers decreases. After enough aging, the improvement is gone and modified binders perform no better than their aged unmodified counterpart. A critical issue is whether the life extension produced by modifiers is life-cycle cost effective. Long-Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) and SH 21 binders indicate: sealcoats may provide an opportunity for significant and very cost-effective in-place binder rejuvenation; G'/(T]'IG') is an excellent function for tracking pavement aging; pavements can oxidize rather uniformly with depth; brittle binders can be tolerated in stiff pavements; aggregates appear to have little effect on asphalt oxidation reactions; rolling thin- film oven test (RTFOT) plus PAV aging is not severe aging, in the context of pavement life.