A driving simulator research participant navigates down a highway.

At the Texas A&M Transportation Institute (TTI), researchers have the ability to take transportation studies even further using the Institute’s driving simulator.

TTI’s portable desktop driving simulator is housed in the Center for Transportation Safety (CTS). The Realtime Technologies, Inc. system uses SimCreator, software that allows researchers to test real-world roadway scenarios. Most simulators (including TTI’s previous model) are in a fixed location so research participants can only be attracted from the city where the simulator resides.  Since TTI’s simulator takes up less space, and is easily transported, researchers can use it to gather data from geographically and demographically diverse locations.

Associate Research Specialist Alicia Nelson, programmer of the simulator for the past 10 years, said, “We picked this system because we can use it to recreate many different scenarios, and its portability means it can be used in any city.”

Why Use a Simulator?

Driving simulators provide a safe and controlled environment to further explore how and why people react in certain driving situations. In the simulated environment it is possible to inexpensively test multiple variations of a specific scenario.

A wider variety of roadway design and traffic conditions can be tested than are typically available in a test-track study or fiscally practical in a field study. The simulator also allows researchers to run subjects in a controlled, and safe, environment before taking them out to a test track.

“One cool thing about this software is that the company has given us the capability to create our own roadways,” Nelson said. “For example, we could mockup Riverside if we wanted. The base system that we have is also adaptable, allowing us to diversify our research capabilities in the future.”

These possibilities include being able to model a particular type of vehicle, such as an 18-wheeler or bicycle, or moving to full size projections instead of computer monitors. New additions to simulator research at TTI include new programmers. In January, Realtime Technologies, Inc., trained three new programmers, Myung Ko, Jeff Miles and Marcie Perez

Another new feature to the simulator is the ability to use the faceLAB eye tracking system from Seeing Machines in conjunction with the simulator.

Assistant Research Engineer Jeff Miles said, “The integration of the Seeing Machines eye-tracker with the Realtime driving simulator will enable researchers to investigate where drivers are looking within different driving environments. This can be critical to reaction and time, especially in visual complex driving environments, such as urban freeway segments, urban arterials, and residential streets.”

Miles explains that depending on the setup of the study, researchers could evaluate potential new traffic control devices or roadway geometry treatments against existing devices and geometry to estimate how effective those potential treatments might be in the real world with respect to detection within a visual complex environment, prior to field deployment.  He says this will allow for an increase in what can be tested while keeping costs down.

“Now, going back to the integration of the eye-tracker with the driving simulator, we are already collecting eye-tracker data at our closed-course facilities and on the open road. So, gathering eye-tracking data both in the driving simulator and the real world will enable researchers to also link any changes in eye-tracking behavior between the simulator and the real world to further support the research findings and to improve future simulator studies.” Studies that have used the driving simulator include:

• Studies to Determine the Effectiveness of Longitudinal Channelizing Devices in Work Zones
• Driver Workload and Visual Studies
• Studies to Improve Temporary Traffic Control at Urban Freeway Interchanges and Pavement Marking Material Selection in Work Zones
• Guidelines for the use of Pavement Marking Symbols at Freeway Interchanges
• Test Procedures for Evaluating Distraction Potential in Connected Vehicle Systems

If you’re interested in using the simulator for a future project, contact Alicia Nelson.

So, law enforcement agencies have found that providing a high police presence in areas with both problems often lowers both crash and crime rates, sometimes dramatically.

This philosophy of fighting those problem areas is called Data-Driven Approaches to Crime and Traffic Safety, or DDACTS as it’s known among law enforcement agencies.

“This philosophy of policing is really catching on with excellent results,” says Associate Research Scientist Troy Walden. He is overseeing a three-year Center for Transportation Safety (CTS) traffic safety grant awarded by TxDOT with funds from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. “We’ve been conducting workshops for law enforcement agencies — teaching them how to find ‘hot spots,’ which are areas where crime and crashes are highest. The technique provides a high-profile police presence that is supported through high visibility traffic enforcement efforts.”

In the latest class, six south Texas police agencies attended the DDACTS workshop in February — Brownsville, Edinburg, Laredo, Mission, Harlingen and Pharr Police Departments.

For most agencies, DDACTS is a radically different approach to crime fighting. Criminal activity is usually the focus of most law enforcement agencies, however with DDACTS, traffic law enforcement is emphasized to address the hot spot locations.

“It’s not unusual for agencies to see a 30 to 40 percent drop in crime and crashes in any given community that utilizes this process,” Walden explains. “That’s a 30 to 40 percent reduction across the board, with some communities experiencing a 70 percent reduction.”

Walden says that cities often experience reductions in violent crimes, including homicide, aggravated assault, burglary and auto theft. At the same time, there are often fewer traffic fatalities and injury crashes, while the number of arrests increases.

“This is not ‘the flavor of the month’ kind of approach,” he says. “This is a long-term, data driven policing philosophy that departments continue to work on. Sometimes your high crime and crash areas will be migratory, so it’s important to reassess and evaluate crime and crash data to pinpoint those areas.”

TTI has been conducting these surveys since 1984. Among the surveys conducted this year:  daytime and nighttime safety belt use, child restraint use, school aged safety belt use and motorcycle helmet use.

Statewide Observational Survey of Safety Belt and Motorcycle Helmet Use in Texas

Safety belts were found to be used by 94 percent of more than 42,000 drivers and front seat passengers, the largest compliance percentage since researchers began tracking it in 1992. The observational surveys were conducted in 22 counties across the state during daylight hours. By comparison, last year’s use rate was 93.7 percent, up from 80 percent ten years ago and 68 percent in 1992.

“It’s a fact that safety belt use saves lives,” Senior Research Scientist Katie Womack says. Womack manages CTS’s Behavioral Research Group. “For every increment of improvement in belt use, the rate of fatalities goes down. That’s why it’s very useful to  know what the level of use is in Texas.”

In conjunction with the statewide survey, CTS collected data on helmet use by motorcyclists. In 2012, 910 riders were observed, with 61.1 percent of the riders wearing helmets.

Nighttime Safety Belt Use in Texas: Observational Survey Results

TTI employees conduct nighttime surveys of safety belt use.

For the first time, Womack and her team surveyed safety belt use during all hours of the night, not just during the early hours of the evening. The results were dramatically different than the previous nighttime surveys, which were conducted between 9 p.m. and midnight.

The average nighttime safety belt use in an 18-city study showed that, of 40,000 front seat occupants, 81.3 percent were restrained. That figure compares to an 89 percent use in the same cities during daylight hours.

“In our previous nighttime surveys, which occurred during the early hours of darkness, there was not much of a difference compared to daytime safety belt use,” Womack points out. “What we found is what we expected: there’s a steady decrease in the rate of use as the night progresses after midnight. I think we now have a clearer picture of what’s taking place. In some cities, seat belt use drops into the 60 percent range during some hours.”

Survey of Child Restraint Use in Fourteen Texas Cities

With data from  more than 13,000 observations, 89 percent of the children riding in passenger cars were found to be restrained in a child safety seat or by a safety belt. The percentage of restrained children in pickup trucks is lower: 85.1 percent. Combining use across all types of vehicles and all 14 Texas cities, the average use was 88.6 percent. Comparing individual cities, child restraint use varied from 97.4 percent in Austin to 76.9 percent in Corpus Christi.

Child restraint surveys have been conducted by TTI since 1984, the year before the child restraint law was fully implemented. The surveys illustrate a steady increase in child restraint use.

Observational Survey of Safety Belt Use among School Aged Children in Texas

Researchers observed school children aged 5 through 16 in 18 Texas cites to determine if they were restrained by a safety seat or safety belt. TTI determined that of the more than 11,000 school-aged children observed, 64.5 percent were restrained in some manner.

The survey revealed a dramatic difference in restraint use between the children riding in the vehicle’s front seat versus back. Those children riding in the front seat were much more likely to be restrained (77.5 percent) than if they were riding in the back seat (47.2 percent). The survey also determined that younger children (ages 5-9) were less likely to be restrained then the older age groups.

“As with our other surveys, there was a wide range of  use between cities,” Womack says. “Wichita Falls had the highest use rate with 83 percent. Waco had the lowest use rate with 53.7 percent.”

A series of final reports on numerous unique surveys relating to occupant safety restraints have been submitted to the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT).

Sen. Steve Ogden speaks at the Traffic Safety Conference.

With the theme of improving safety on highways in Texas and across the nation, the leader of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the retiring state legislator known as “Senator Safety” were featured speakers for the Texas Transportation Institute’s (TTI’s) 4th annual Statewide Traffic Safety Conference, June 4-6, in San Antonio.

David Strickland, NHTSA Administrator, told the group of more than 200 that the nation now has its lowest number of traffic fatalities since 1949. “Those successes frankly pale to the fact of how many people we still lose. It is still vexing for all of us that when we do make gains we still have that many more people we have to reach. The job is never, ever done,” he told the group of traffic safety professionals, pointing to the fact that 33,000 people die in crashes annually nationwide.

Sen. Steve Ogden, who was the luncheon speaker later in the day, also acknowledged the decreasing fatality rate in Texas, but with a note of caution. “Over the last 10 years our fatality rate has dropped by 25 percent.” It’s still a lot. Ogden noted that more than 500 fewer Texans are dying on the roadways than just 10 years ago. “We have made a lot of progress. But, obviously we are not done.”

Ogden, who announced his retirement months earlier, said he began vigorously supporting traffic safety legislation 12 years ago when he realized that it did not seem to be a priority.  At the end of his speech, Ogden was honored by the Department of Public Safety, the Texas Department of Transportation and TTI.

NHTSA Administrator David Strickland speaks at the Traffic Safety Conference.

“Very few of our elected officials have really been dedicated or given a high priority to safety in our state,” TTI Agency Director Dennis Christiansen said during his tribute. “Senator Ogden clearly has.” Among other measures, Ogden is credited with safety improvements on rural highways, supporting the installation of cable barriers in highway medians, and creating the Center for Transportation Safety at TTI.  “He consistently kept roadway safety in the minds of everyone in the legislature,” Christiansen said.

In fact, the conference slogan for 2012, “Saving Lives: Nothing’s More Important,” was borrowed form a speech Ogden gave several years earlier.

The conference attracts law enforcement, transportation safety researchers, policy makers, public health officials, traffic engineers and other safety professionals from around the state. This year, conference goers attended sessions that focused on impaired driving, distracted driving, teen driving, motorcycle safety, wrong-way driving, Texas speed limits changes and numerous other topics.

“I don’t know of anything more tragic than that knock on the door in the middle of the night when somebody’s got to tell someone their loved one just lost their life. All of you in this room that are involved in protecting the public, thank you. It’s a big deal,” Ogden said, receiving a standing ovation following his speech.

(L-R) TTI Executive Director Dennis Christiansen, State Senator Steve Ogden, TxDOT Assistant Executive Director for Engineering Operations John Barton and Texas Department of Public Safety Chief Luiz Gonzalez.

State Senator Steve Ogden was recently honored jointly by the three state agencies most involved in realizing his vision for enhancing roadway safety in Texas. The recognition came in response to Ogden’s keynote address at the annual Texas Traffic Safety Conference in San Antonio on June 5.

“Mention the name ‘Senator Safety’ to just about anyone in or around the state capitol, and chances are, they’ll know exactly who you’re talking about,” noted Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) Director Dennis Christiansen in his recognition of Ogden. “In the history of the Texas Legislature, very few elected officials have been as steadfastly committed to roadway safety as Senator Steve Ogden. And, more important, even fewer have been as effective in their purpose.”

As part of the recognition, Ogden also earned praise from John Barton of the Texas Department of Transportation and Chief Luiz Gonzalez of the Texas Department of Public Safety.

Ogden served as chairman of the Senate Infrastructure Development and Security Committee when the Legislature was shaping the state’s most significant transportation policy ever in 2003. As part of that legislation, the senator ensured that 20 percent of all roadway bond financing would be spent on safety improvements. More than $1 billion has been invested in those safety improvements since the program began, and a TTI analysis demonstrates that the improvements have produced a benefit/cost ratio of thirteen-to-one. In human terms, that translates to more than 100 fewer crash fatalities each year across Texas, and more than 1,000 fewer serious-injury crashes.

Ogden is also responsible for the creation of TTI’s Center for Transportation Safety, which began operations in 2001.

Along with Barton and Gonzalez, Christiansen presented Ogden with a framed collection of photographs representing some of the safety enhancements he has made possible along Texas highways, with an inscription reading: In deep appreciation of your vision, tenacity and leadership in the pursuit of safer roadways for the citizens of Texas, and of your years of generous public service distinguished by legislative actions that have saved, and will continue to save, the lives of countless Texans.

“The United Arab Emirates, and especially the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, has an extremely high fatality rate,” says Associate Research Scientist Troy Walden, who will lead the project for CTS. “According to its Department of Transport [DOT], the Abu Dhabi fatality rate [based on population] is 50 percent higher than in the United States.”

Walden says the DOT is motivated in making its roads safer, and wants to start that process by developing a comprehensive set of procedures and guidelines that deal with the investigation and analysis of its fatal and injury crashes. Walden will produce separate guidebooks for both the DOT and Abu Dhabi law enforcement officers.

The DOT guidebook will cover crash investigation requirements, data analysis requirements and options for a reporting process. The guidebook for law enforcement officers will focus on proper data collection and investigation procedures.

Walden says a goal of the DOT is to have standardized crash-reporting forms. “By having all these elements in place, the DOT will be able to conduct effective crash analysis so that countermeasures can be identified and then placed into effect,” he says. “And that’s the first step in reducing fatalities and injury-related crashes.”

According to a DOT publication, 40 percent of all fatalities in Abu Dhabi involve pedestrians. The publication identifies Abu Dhabi’s poor driving standards and its high population of non-residents as contributing to the overall traffic deaths.

“Because of the differences in the way our countries operate, this in an extremely interesting project for us,” Walden says. “I think the DOT is seeking direction from us so we can work together in pinpointing the causes of the crashes and help suggest effective countermeasures.”

“We are honored that NHTSA Administrator David Strickland and State Sen. Steve Ogden will be our main speakers this year,” Center for Transportation Safety (CTS) Director John Mounce said of the upcoming conference. The annual event attracts public policy makers, traffic safety practitioners, law enforcement, traffic engineers, public health officials and many other safety professionals from all over the state.

“The conference seems to become more relevant each year as we learn from each other and share what is new and what is working in other places,” Mounce said. “We all have important individual roles in traffic safety, but when we team up for a common cause, we can’t help but become more successful.”

According to the NHTSA website, Strickland, who took office Jan. 4, 2010, “has overseen the development of the first national fuel-efficiency program, helped establish ejection mitigation requirements for automakers, and brought national public focus to child passenger safety issues including the threat of heat stroke from hot cars and back-over deaths and injuries.” NHTSA is the nation’s principal agency dedicated solely to highway safety.

Ogden, who was first elected to the Texas Senate in 1997, authored the legislation that created CTS at the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) more than 10 years ago. He is a strong and vocal proponent of traffic safety. Ogden recently announced his decision not to seek reelection after his term ends in January 2013.

This year’s conference theme, “Saving Lives: Nothing’s More Important,” was borrowed from a line in a speech Ogden gave at TTI several years ago.

The 2012 Statewide Traffic Safety Conference will begin with a welcome reception and exhibitor showcase June 4. The opening session will take place the next morning prior to a full day of numerous breakout sessions. Conference topics will include discussions and examinations of distracted driving, impaired driving, new speed limits in Texas, motorcycle safety, wrong-way driving and teen driving safety.

The closing session of the conference will be a round-table discussion by invited Texas legislators on what they believe will be the main traffic safety issues for the 2013 Legislative Session.

For more information, visit the conference website.

Because data show that Hispanics have a disproportionate risk of dying or being injured in traffic crashes, CTS has begun a Latino Traffic Safety Initiative (LTSI) to study this complex problem in Texas and offer countermeasure approaches.

Nationally, the figures are alarming:

• Motor-vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for Hispanics ages 1–34.
• Hispanic children ages 5–12 are 72 percent more likely to die in a motor-vehicle crash than non-Hispanic children, and they are less likely to wear a restraint device.
• Hispanics are more likely to drive under the influence of alcohol or other drugs, and are more likely to be driving without a valid license.

The LTSI will first examine the Texas crash and fatality data. Do our state’s Hispanic figures reflect national statistics? Eventually, the goal of the LTSI is to determine if language barriers, education levels, socio-economic status and other cultural differences play a role in the crashes.

“In just nine years, the Hispanic population is expected to outnumber the non-Hispanic population in Texas,” says CTS Senior Research Scientist Katie Womack. “The more we learn about the reasons for the lopsided crash statistics, the better head start we’ll have on making travel safer for what will soon be the majority population. Everyone will benefit as a result.”

Meanwhile, a March 2011 article in the military publication Medical Surveillance Monthly Report caught the attention of CTS researchers. In it, crash data over an 11-year period were examined.

Citing the study, the article, entitled “Motorcycle and Other Motor Vehicle Accident-Related Deaths, U.S. Armed Forces, 1999–2010,” states: “Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) are the leading cause of deaths of U.S. military members during peacetime. During the four years prior to operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, one-third of all deaths of service members were caused by MVAs. Since the beginning of those operations, there have been nearly as many deaths of service members due to ‘transportation accidents’ as war related injuries.”

The article reported that more than 4,000 active-duty service members died in crashes during that period,with motorcycle deaths accounting for 24 percent of the fatalities.

“As the article points out, many of the crash victims are young, high-school-educated, single males — characteristics that could be associated with a higher risk of dying in crashes,” says Russell Henk, head of TTI’s Research and Implementation Division offices in El Paso and San Antonio. “We know motorcycle fatalities are overrepresented among our military service members — one of the key problem areas for which we hope to develop solutions.”

Henk, who is also the director of TTI’s Teens in the Driver Seat program, says elements of the successful high-school-targeted driver safety program — especially its peer-to-peer approach — could be used with the younger members of the military to address the crash-rate problem.

In exploring the CTS military initiative, contacts have been made with the Corps of Cadets at Texas A&M University, Ft. Hood in Killeen, Ft. Bliss in El Paso and military officials in San Antonio.

This Issue

Making the Grade: Tomorrow’s Transportation System

Volume 48, Number 1
March 2012
Issue Overview

On this page:

• For More Information

More than 4,000 active-duty service members died in crashes between 1999 and 2010, with motorcycle deaths accounting for 24 percent of the fatalities.

For more information:

Russell Henk
(210) 979-9411
r-henk@tamu.edu

]]> http://tti.tamu.edu/2012/03/01/high-crash-rates-among-hispanics-and-military-prompt-study/feed/ 0 http://tti.tamu.edu/2012/02/28/capitol-staff-members-briefed-on-high-priority-safety-initiatives/ http://tti.tamu.edu/2012/02/28/capitol-staff-members-briefed-on-high-priority-safety-initiatives/#comments Tue, 28 Feb 2012 18:08:18 +0000 Chris Sasser http://tti.tamu.edu/?p=7961 More than a dozen staff members representing various state legislators and committees visited TTI on February 21 to hear updates on some of the Institute’s high-priority efforts. The program lineup began with an overview of TTI by Agency Director Dennis Christiansen.

Other key research area presentations by TTI personnel included:

• Steve Roop provided a status update on the Freight Shuttle System, which was conceived to resolve freight transportation’s most pressing deficiency: the lack of a system suitable for high-volume traffic between two points located less than 600 miles apart.
• John Mounce briefly reviewed the Center for Transportation Safety’s 10-year history and highlighted several key program areas including distracted and impaired driving.
• Paul Carlson and Jeff Miles lead a tour of the Visibility Research Laboratory.
• Bill Stockton provided an update on the groundbreaking transportation planning I-35 project.
• David Ellis reviewed transportation financing mechanisms and The Transportation Revenue Estimator and Needs Determination System (T.R.E.N.D.S.)

The presentations concluded with a presentation from Roger Bligh on roadside safety and physical security.

]]> http://tti.tamu.edu/2012/02/28/capitol-staff-members-briefed-on-high-priority-safety-initiatives/feed/ 0 http://tti.tamu.edu/2012/01/05/high-crash-rates-among-hispanics-and-military-prompts-study/ http://tti.tamu.edu/2012/01/05/high-crash-rates-among-hispanics-and-military-prompts-study/#comments Thu, 05 Jan 2012 17:53:02 +0000 Chris Sasser http://tti.tamu.edu/?p=7434 The Texas Transportation Institute’s Center for Transportation Safety (CTS) is investigating the reasons why two distinct population groups — Hispanics and U.S. military personnel — are experiencing above-average crash rates.

Each is a separate research initiative, and both projects are just getting underway as researchers gather crash data and begin looking for clues.

“We have seen significant reductions in crashes and traffic deaths overall,” CTS Director John Mounce explains. “However, some groups have not been included in these vast improvements. We’ve found two areas that I strongly believe we should investigate further.”

Latino Initiative

Data show that Hispanics have a disproportionate risk of dying or being injured in traffic crashes. So, CTS has begun a Latino Traffic Safety Initiative (LTSI) to study this complex problem in Texas and offer countermeasure approaches.

“In just nine years, the Hispanic population is expected to outnumber the non-Hispanic population in Texas,” says CTS Senior Research Scientist Katie Womack. “The more we learn about the reasons for the lopsided crash statistics, the better head start we will have on making travel safer for what will soon be the majority population. Everyone will benefit as a result.”

Nationally, the figures are alarming:

• Motor-vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for Hispanics ages 1-34.
• Hispanic children ages 5-12 are 72 percent more likely to die in a motor-vehicle crash than non-Hispanic children and they are less likely to wear a restraint device.
• Hispanics are more likely to drive under the influence of alcohol or other drugs, and are more likely to be driving without a valid license.

The LTSI will first examine the Texas crash and fatality data. Do our state’s Hispanic figures reflect national statistics?

“We have a lot of questions about injuries and fatalities among the Latino population,” Womack points out. “What are the ages of the crash victims? Are more males or females killed and injured? What are the causes of the crashes? Were the occupants wearing safety belts or using child restraints? How big of a problem is impaired driving among Hispanics in Texas?”

Eventually, the goal of the LTSI is to determine if language barriers, education levels, socio-economic status and other cultural differences play a role in the crashes.

“We suspect that the Texas figures will show a disproportionate Hispanic fatality and injury rate similar to the national figures,” Womack predicts. “If they do, how do we best approach this problem?”

Womack says to accomplish the goal of the LTSI, a variety of methods will need to be employed — crash data analysis, focus groups, workshops and surveys. It is important to examine traffic safety from the Latino perspective to get a complete picture.

“This project is in the very beginning stages, and I foresee it being a long-term, multi-year task. It’s a very complex issue,” Womack says.

The Texas Transportation Institute’s Center for Transportation Safety (CTS) is investigating the reasons why two distinct population groups — Hispanics and U.S. military personnel — are experiencing above-average crash rates.

Each is a separate research initiative, and both projects are just getting underway as researchers gather crash data and begin looking for clues.

“We have seen significant reductions in crashes and traffic deaths overall,” CTS Director John Mounce explains. “However, some groups have not been included in these vast improvements. We’ve found two areas that I strongly believe we should investigate further.”

Military Initiative

A March 2011 article in the military publication Medical Surveillance Monthly Report caught the attention of CTS researchers. In it, crash data over an 11-year period was examined.

Citing the study, the article, entitled “Motorcycle and Other Motor Vehicle Accident-related Deaths, U.S. Armed Forces, 1999-2010,” stated: “Motor vehicle accidents (MVA) are the leading cause of deaths of U.S. military members during peacetime. During the four years prior to operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, one-third of all deaths of service members were caused by MVAs. Since the beginning of those operations, there have been nearly as many deaths of service members due to ‘transportation accidents’ as war related injuries.”

The article reported that more than 4,000 active-duty service members died in crashes during that period, with motorcycle deaths accounting for 24 percent of the fatalities.

“This is obviously a problem that not many people have thought about,” Senior Research Engineer Russell Henk says. “As the article points out, many of the crash victims are young, high school-educated, single males — characteristics that could be associated with a higher risk of dying in crashes.”

Henk says that he needs to dig deeper into the military crash rate issue, but already has some ideas about approaching the problem. He points out that the Center is well positioned to tackle the issue of impairment, motorcycle safety and the dangers of younger drivers based on its previous work.

Henk, who is also the director of TTI’s Teens in the Driver Seat (TDS) program, says elements of the successful high school-targeted driver safety program could be applied to the military crash-rate problem.

“TDS uses a peer-to-peer approach with students, who conduct the program and spread safety messages among fellow students. I can foresee that same approach being replicated in a military setting,” he says.

In exploring the CTS military initiative, contacts have been made with the Corps of Cadets at Texas A&M University, Ft. Hood in Killeen and with military officials in San Antonio, where Henk is based.

For more information, please visit the Center for Transportation Safety’s website.

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